uPVC vs Aluminium vs Timber Windows (2026)
The three main UK window frame materials trade off differently: uPVC is the cheapest and lowest-maintenance, aluminium offers the slimmest sightlines and a sleek modern look with excellent durability, and timber delivers heritage character and is repairable but costs the most and needs upkeep. Here's the 2026 side-by-side.
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Which window frame wins? — 2026 UK
- Lowest cost & maintenance: uPVC (£450–£900/window)
- Slimmest frames / modern look: aluminium
- Heritage & conservation areas: timber (or timber-effect aluminium/uPVC)
- Longest lifespan: aluminium and well-maintained timber (40+ years)
- Best thermal value for money: A-rated uPVC
- Repairable rather than replaceable: timber
There's no universally best frame — uPVC wins on price, aluminium on looks and durability, timber on character. Match the material to your home's age, your budget and whether you're in a conservation area.
uPVC vs aluminium vs timber — 2026 comparison
Cost, looks and sightlines
uPVC is the budget champion — cheapest to buy, near-zero maintenance, and a strong thermal performer in A-rated form, though frames are chunkier. Aluminium costs more but offers the slimmest sightlines (more glass, less frame), a sleek modern look and outstanding rigidity for large panes; modern thermally broken aluminium has shed its old 'cold frame' reputation. Timber is the most expensive and needs periodic repainting, but delivers genuine period character and is repairable rather than disposable. In 2026 the price gap between the three has narrowed slightly at the budget end because thermally broken aluminium is now more widely stocked, though timber sash remains the premium option by some margin. For the fitted prices behind these figures see our double glazing cost breakdown, and if you are weighing whether to replace at all rather than which frame to pick, is double glazing worth it in 2026 covers payback and resale.
Lifespan, upkeep and conservation rules
On lifespan, aluminium and well-maintained timber both reach 40+ years; quality uPVC lasts 25–35 years before hardware and seals date. On maintenance, uPVC and aluminium just need a wipe; timber needs a re-coat every 5–8 years.
Conservation areas and listed buildings often dictate the choice — many require timber or a sympathetic match and won't permit standard uPVC, so check first (see our window permission guide). To price each material, use our free quote service, the calculator, or the full cost guide.
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Frequently asked questions
Related Guides
More guides to help you plan and budget.
Sources used in our 2026 figures
- FENSA — window & door scheme
- Energy Saving Trust — windows & glazing
- Historic England — windows in historic buildings
Methodology: Comparison reflects published trade guidance and our 2026 regional cost model (June 2026) and manufacturer product specifications. Last updated .